Why do people self-injure? 人們為什麼會自殘？

中文翻譯版請往下拉⬇️

Self-injury: Making pain visible

Self-injury can be understood as a coping mechanism to deal with less visible forms of pain. While there are perhaps self-harming behaviors that have greater repercussions on the person than cutting, burning, or biting does, self-injury (also called self-inflicted violence [SIV]) can provoke intense reactions from others, including helpers. It might be useful to consider self-injury to be one among many self-harming behaviors that people might engage in. Self-harm can be understood to include a range of behaviors from self-annihilation (suicide, unsafe sex, terminating essential treatment), to self-injury (cutting, burning, unhygienic tattooing or piercing), to self-defeating (isolating, anger, rejection of help).

This broad understanding of self-harm encompasses substance abuse, unsafe relationships and sex, running away, isolating, disordered eating, hair plucking, dropping out of school as well as self-injuring actions like cutting, picking, burning, and self-punching.

There are many reasons people turn to self-inflicted violence. However, no one can determine why someone else is self-injuring. Since the reasons are myriad and people often use several forms of self-injury for different purposes, listening to the person becomes the only way to discover what the self-injuring actions mean for that person. Understanding the meaning behind the self-injury is the avenue into finding safer alternatives to the self-injuring behaviors for both the person struggling and the person helping.

Common reasons for self-injury:

- To displace emotional pain from the psyche to the body

- To reconnect with the reality of being alive today

- To distract from overwhelming emotion

- To end a dissociative response

- To show the pain or to make the pain visible to others

- To release endorphins for immediate (if temporary) relief

- To express self-hatred

Trauma-Informed Interventions for People Who Self-Injure

Click to view the full version(點擊連結瀏覽完整版）

https://dpi.wi.gov/sites/default/files/imce/sspw/pdf/sswpgshintervene.pdf

自殘：使痛苦可見

自殘可以被理解為一種不太常見的應對痛苦的方式。雖然有些自傷行為可能比切割、燒或咬對個體產生更大傷害，但自殘（也被稱為自我施暴[SIV]）會引起他人，包括援助者的強烈反應。有必要將自殘看作人們可能參與的眾多自傷行為之一。自傷可以被理解為包括從自我消亡（如自殺、不安全的性行為、終止必要的治療），到自殘（如切割、燒傷、不衛生的紋身或穿刺），再到自我打敗（如孤立、憤怒、拒絕幫助）。這個廣義的自傷理解包括濫用物質、不安全的人際關係和性行為、逃跑、孤立、飲食失調、拔毛、退學以及如切割、抓取、燒傷和自我拳擊等自殘行為。

人們之所以轉向自我施暴有很多原因。然而，沒有人可以確定他人為什麼自殘。由於原因多種多樣，且人們經常使用多種自傷方式來達到不同的目的，因此傾聽成為唯一的方法來發現自殘行為對該人意味著什麼。理解自殘背後的意義是找到替代自殘行為的更安全選擇的途徑，對於掙扎的人和幫助的人都是如此。

常見的自殘原因：

• 將情感痛苦從心靈轉移到身體
• 重新與當今活著的現實相連接
• 為了分散压倒性的情感
• 終止分離反應
• 顯示痛苦或使他人看到痛苦
• 釋放內啡肽以獲得即時（即使是暫時的）舒緩
• 表達自我厭惡

Trauma-Informed Interventions for People Who Self-Injure

Click to view the full version(點擊連結瀏覽完整版）

https://dpi.wi.gov/sites/default/files/imce/sspw/pdf/sswpgshintervene.pdf